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History of St. Louis (1981–present)
The history of St. Louis, Missouri from 1981 to the present has been marked by city beautification and crime prevention efforts, a major school desegregation case, and gentrification in its downtown area. St. Louis also continues to struggle with crime and a declining population, although some improvement has been made in both of these aspects.
==Beautification and crime prevention projects==
By the late 1970s, urban decay had spread rapidly through St. Louis, described in vivid terms by Kenneth T. Jackson, historian of suburban development:
During the mayoralty of James F. Conway from 1977 to 1981, much of the focus in St. Louis government was on promoting redevelopment projects in downtown St. Louis with the assistance of private investors.〔Huckfeldt (1989), 19.〕 However, many in predominantly white south St. Louis perceived these projects as too favorable to the black community, while economic problems such as inflation contributed to a need for city budget cuts.〔 These budget cuts led to the closure of Homer G. Phillips Hospital in north St. Louis, which had served the black community since the 1930s.〔 Conway faced a challenger for his reelection bid in Vincent Schoemehl, a young south St. Louis alderman whose campaign depended on strong support from the black community, and due to the alienation felt in both north and south St. Louis, Schoemehl defeated Conway in the 1980 Democratic primary election.〔Huckfeldt (1989), 20.〕 In the general election, Schoemehl narrowly lost the white vote against the Republican candidate, but his overwhelming support from the black community ensured his election as mayor.〔 To gain such support, Schoemehl had promised to reopen Homer G. Phillips Hospital, although after his election he reneged on that promise.〔 Upon the election of as the city's youngest mayor ever in 1981, St. Louis's problems were more significant than many other rustbelt cities, with several major development projects left half-finished and the city's economic base crumbling.〔Stein (2002), 189.〕
In spite of his broken promise to reopen the hospital, Schoemehl gained popularity through a city beautification project known as "Operation Brightside".〔Huckfeldt (1989), 21.〕 Operation Brightside officers were political appointees and not part of the traditional civil service, but they succeeded in planting street trees and flowers (particularly daffodils and tulips) along major streets, distributing plants to homeowners, and providing summer jobs to city youth picking up litter in alleyways.〔Stein (1991), 39.〕 Schoemehl also instituted a safety program to address city crime, starting in 1984.〔Primm (1998), 503.〕 The program, known as Operation SafeStreet, provided low cost or free security measures, such as dead bolts, bars for windows, and The Club.〔 In addition to providing security to homeowners, Schoemehl ordered the blocking of several through streets in neighborhoods around the city to prevent cruising and drug-dealing.〔 Crime declined in targeted neighborhoods by an average of 30 percent, and crime continued to decline in the 1980s until a rise in auto thefts in 1989 increased overall crime rates in the city for that year.〔Primm (1998), 504.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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